Judul: Kehidupan Karawitan Gaya Surakarta Di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta -S2.PEN.SENI
Pengarang: KRISWANTO
Penerbit: Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Gadjah Mada
Tahun: 2003
Tipe: Tesis
Lokasi: Perpustakaan Fakultas Ilmu Budaya
ABSTRAK
Peristiwa terjadinya perjanjian Giyanti (1755) amat berpenga- ruh terhadap perkembangan kebudayaan era berikutnya. Kasunanan Surakarta dan Kasultanan Yogyakarta yang merupakan pecahan Ke- rajaan Mataram akibat Perjanjian Giyanti, saling bersaing dalam mengembangkan kebudayaannya. Timbul kemudian budaya Surakar- ta dan budaya Yogyakarta. Selanjutnya terhadap unsur-unsur budaya yang dikembangkan, kedua kerajaan memberi identitas dengan gaya Surakarta dan gaya Yogyakarta. Karawitan gaya Surakarta dan gaya Yogyakarta sebagai bagian dari unsur budaya ikut mengalami persaingan dalam memperebutkan penggemarnya. Kedua gaya itu memang memiliki karakter berbeda, gaya Surakarta lebih menekankan sifat prenes, romantik, dan lembut; sedang gaya Yogyakarta lebih menekankan sifat agung, gagah, dan mantap. Keduanya sama-sama berkembang dengan baik di wilayah-nya karena memang dikehendaki oleh penguasa. Puncak perkem- bangan ini terjadi pada masa Pemerintahan Paku Buwana X (1893-1939) di Surakarta dan masa Pemerintahan Hamengku Buwana VIII (1921-1939) di Yogyakarta.
Ketika terjadi perubahan sosial yang ditandai adanya transisi dari pemerintahan feodalisme ke pemerintahan demokratis, perkem- bangannya tidak begitu seimbang. Bahkan karawitan gaya Surakarta di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta nampak lebih banyak penggemarnya. Pada umumnya perkembangan kesenian selalu mengikuti proses perubahan kebudayaan, kecuali apabila sikap tradisionalistik masih. melekat kuat terhadap kebudayaannya..
Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mencoba menelaah mengapa hal dapat terjadi, mengingat Yogyakarta sendiri memiliki karawitan yang berasal dari satu akar, Mataram. Untuk dapat mengu- pasnya lebih jauh, dalam penelitian ini digunakan pendekatan. multidisiplin yang mengedepankan aspek sejarah, sosiologi, antro- pologi, dan etnomusikologi. Dengan menerapkan berbagai pendekatan tersebut diharapkan dapat menguak berbagai hal yang menyebabkan ka-rawitan gaya Surakarta hidup subur di D.I.Y.===The event of Giyanti agreement (1755) has given much influen- Ice to the development of culture in the next era. The dominion of the Sunan Surakarta and the Sultanate of Yogyakarta which are small parts of Mataram Kingdom caused by Giyanti agreement, compete with each other in developing their cultures. As the consequences of it rises the culture of Surakarta and Yogyakarta. For the components of culture, then, are developed, and the two kingdoms give them identi- ties with the Surakarta and Yogyakarta style.
The gamelan music of Surakarta and Yogyakarta as the parts of the components of the culture compete for recruiting thir lovers. The two styles, indeed, have different characteristic, the Surakarta style move emphasizes the characteristic of prenes, romantic, and gentle; while Yogyakarta style move emphasizes the characteristic of great, smart, and steady. They both develop well in their own areas for they are requied by their authorities. The top of this development occurred when the kingdom was under the administration of Paku Buwana X (1893-1939) in Surakarta and Hamengku Buwana VIII (1921-1939) in Yogyakarta.
When the social changes accured of which marked by the transition from feudalism administration to democratic, their development is not balance. Even the gamelan music of Surakarta in the special distric of Yogyakarta has move lovers. In general, the development of art always follows the process of culture changes, exept the power of traditionalism is still attaching firmly to its culture.
This research is conducted for trying to learn why those cases occur, considering that Yogyakarta itself has gamelan music which comes from one source, namely Mataram. For further analysis, the writer, in this research uses the interdisciplin approach which puts forward the aspects of history, sociology, anthropology, and ethnomusicology. By applying those approaches, they are expected to be able to discover the factors which cause the gamelan music of Surakarta exists in the special distric of Yogyakarta.
ABSTRACT
The event of Giyanti agreement (1755) has given much influen- Ice to the development of culture in the next era. The dominion of the Sunan Surakarta and the Sultanate of Yogyakarta which are small parts of Mataram Kingdom caused by Giyanti agreement, compete with each other in developing their cultures. As the consequences of it rises the culture of Surakarta and Yogyakarta. For the components of culture, then, are developed, and the two kingdoms give them identi- ties with the Surakarta and Yogyakarta style.
The gamelan music of Surakarta and Yogyakarta as the parts of the components of the culture compete for recruiting thir lovers. The two styles, indeed, have different characteristic, the Surakarta style move emphasizes the characteristic of prenes, romantic, and gentle; while Yogyakarta style move emphasizes the characteristic of great, smart, and steady. They both develop well in their own areas for they are requied by their authorities. The top of this development occurred when the kingdom was under the administration of Paku Buwana X (1893-1939) in Surakarta and Hamengku Buwana VIII (1921-1939) in Yogyakarta.
When the social changes accured of which marked by the transition from feudalism administration to democratic, their development is not balance. Even the gamelan music of Surakarta in the special distric of Yogyakarta has move lovers. In general, the development of art always follows the process of culture changes, exept the power of traditionalism is still attaching firmly to its culture.
This research is conducted for trying to learn why those cases occur, considering that Yogyakarta itself has gamelan music which comes from one source, namely Mataram. For further analysis, the writer, in this research uses the interdisciplin approach which puts forward the aspects of history, sociology, anthropology, and ethnomusicology. By applying those approaches, they are expected to be able to discover the factors which cause the gamelan music of Surakarta exists in the special distric of Yogyakarta.
Subyek/Kata Kunci: Kehidupan Karawitan Gaya Surakarta Di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta